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Additionally, they have to remember and process more information mentally than is often humanly feasible, such as when seeking the maximum or minimum value in a chart. Screen-reader users rely on the creators of visualizations to provide adequate alternative text, which is often incomplete. Even when the data visualization includes basic accessibility functions (e.g., alternative text or a data table), screen-reader users still spend 211% more time interacting with online data visualizations and answer questions about the data in the visualizations 61% less accurately, compared to non-screen-reader users. They might have conditions including complete or partial blindness, low vision, learning disabilities (such as alexia), motion sensitivity, or vestibular hypersensitivity.ĭue to the inaccessibility of data visualizations, screen-reader users commonly cannot access them at all. We define “screen-reader users,” following prior work, as people who utilize a screen reader ( e.g., JAWS , NVDA , or VoiceOver ) to read the contents of a computer screen.
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However, the visual nature of data visualizations inherently disenfranchises screen-reader users, who may not be able to see or recognize visual patterns.
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They assist people in extracting information effectively and efficiently, taking advantage of the ability of the human mind to recognize and interpret visual patterns. Online data visualizations are present widely on the Web, allowing experts and non-experts alike to explore and analyze data both simple and complex. Our interviews with screen-reader users suggest that VoxLens is a “game-changer” in making online data visualizations accessible to screen-reader users, saving them time and effort. Through task-based experiments with 21 screen-reader users, we show that VoxLens improves the accuracy of information extraction and interaction time by 122% and 36%, respectively, over existing conventional interaction with online data visualizations. Specifically, VoxLens enables screen-reader users to obtain a holistic summary of presented information, play sonified versions of the data, and interact with visualizations in a “drill-down” manner using voice-activated commands. Building on prior findings about the experiences of screen-reader users with online data visualizations, we present VoxLens, an open-source JavaScript plug-in that-with a single line of code-improves the accessibility of online data visualizations for screen-reader users using a multi-modal approach. JavaScript visualization libraries are widely used to create online data visualizations but provide limited access to their information for screen-reader users.
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